The Importance of Footwear in Preventing Falls

The Importance of Footwear in Preventing Falls

By: Dr. Stephanie Avner

Footwear can play an important role in maintaining balance and stability, but choosing the right shoe is only one part of a broader fall-prevention strategy.

Shoes serve as the interface between the foot and the ground. A well-fitting shoe can provide traction, support the foot and make walking more predictable. Shoes that slip, catch or feel unstable, however, can make maintaining balance more difficult.

When evaluating sneakers, older adults should consider fit, stability and traction. The heel should remain secure while walking, the sole should provide a stable base, and the tread should not be excessively worn. Heel slippage, uneven wear or difficulty clearing the floor while taking a step may indicate that a shoe is not providing adequate support.

Cushioning is another consideration. While it can improve comfort and reduce pressure on the foot, especially for people with arthritis, neuropathy or painful foot deformities, more cushioning does not always mean greater stability. Very soft soles may compress unevenly under body weight, potentially creating instability for someone with poor sensation, weakness or existing balance concerns. Sole thickness and shape can also affect how a person interacts with the ground, so it is important to evaluate the shoe as a whole rather than focusing on one feature.

Footwear is only one factor affecting fall risk. Muscle strength, joint mobility, vision, sensation and proprioception all contribute to balance. Health conditions and certain medications can also affect strength, reaction time, sensation or steadiness.

If someone begins feeling less steady, consider when the problem occurs. Does it happen with a particular pair of shoes, on uneven ground, while climbing stairs or after taking medication? Persistent balance changes should be discussed with a healthcare professional, who can help determine whether footwear or another underlying factor may be contributing.

Fall prevention also extends beyond footwear. Strength and balance exercises, regular vision care and appropriate treatment for foot and ankle problems can help maintain stability. At home, improving lighting, removing loose rugs and clutter, installing handrails or grab bars, and using nonslip surfaces can reduce hazards. Supportive footwear is important indoors, too, as barefoot walking, socks or unstable slippers may contribute to unsteadiness.

Most importantly, don't wait for a serious fall to seek help. Near-falls, frequently reaching for furniture for support or becoming hesitant to walk on uneven surfaces can be warning signs.

There is no single ideal sneaker for every older adult. The goal is to find footwear that balances comfort, fit, traction and stability while considering the individual's overall health, gait and mobility.

This fall, stay stronger, and protect your joints!

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